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   Web Issue 3186 July 6 2008   
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Consumer wises up to the organic illusion
JULIAN BAGGINIApril 01 2008

You're a concerned, ethical citizen. You care about the impact of your shopping on the environment and your health. So which tomatoes should you buy: organic or conventional?

Until now, most people have assumed that organic is the better choice, but it is becoming increasingly obvious that the organic/ conventional distinction fails to draw the line between good and bad - agriculturally, environmentally and nutritionally.

This weekend, the former head of the Food Standards Agency, Lord Krebs, repeated his claim that organic food has no particular health benefits. An FSA spokesman backed him up, saying: "The weight of scientific evidence does not support claims that organic food is more nutritious or safer than conventionally produced food."

A report earlier this year for the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs also concluded that many organic foods grown in the UK are less energy efficient and more polluting than conventional equivalents.

So the organic tomatoes may have had more of an environmental impact and be no better for you than the conventional ones. Still, supporters of organics have something on their side more powerful than fact: the belief that "natural" is best.

But don't ask hard questions about what is natural and why it should be superior. For example, organic farmers can use the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis for pest control. But the idea that this is intrinsically safer than applying chemicals doesn't stand up to rational scrutiny. Wahat matters is that what farmers use is safe, not whether it is naturally occurring. Arsenic is natural, but I wouldn't sprinkle that on tomatoes.

Another organically-approved pesticide has been shown to cause the symptoms of Parkinson's disease when injected into rats. I'm not suggesting this means it is unsafe, but why is it that the precautionary principle only seems to apply to synthetic pesticides?

At a time when the virtues of organic food are being questioned as never before, you might think its supporters would at least want to maintain a clear line about what organic means. Instead, they're trying to muddy the waters even more.

The UK's leading organic certification organisation, the Soil Association, wants to withhold the organic label from some air-freighted produce. Its intentions are noble: we need to reduce carbon emissions to fight climate change. But what has this got to do with organic production? My apple doesn't stop being organic because I take it on a plane to Kuala Lumpur.

The proposals don't even make sense when judged against the objective of reducing carbon in the atmosphere. The Soil Association intends to allow air-freighted produce to be certified as organic if it meets "ethical trading" standards. That would mean that an organic farmer in Ayrshire could produce more CO2 by growing his tomatoes in heated greenhouses than a farmer in Kenya, even allowing for the air freight's emissions, yet he would be allowed to call his produce organic and the Kenyan would not.

Intellectually, then, the very idea of "organic" is a mess. It makes health and environmental claims that cannot be backed up; it distinguishes between acceptable and unacceptable pesticides and fertilisers on a crude test of how "natural" they are, rather than on how safe they might be; and it is now making the size of carbon footprint part of the criteria for organics, even though there is no precedent for this and the rules it is proposing make no sense.

So is there anything coherent keeping the organic movement together? Look at what it actually supports and opposes, and a clear vision does emerge: organics is really about resistance to modern technology. Old pesticides, heated greenhouses and trucks are fine, but new chemicals and airplanes are not. The rules about what counts as "organic" are rigged to support a world view in which it is a matter of faith that what is old and traditional is better. No wonder Prince Charles is such a fan.

Consumers are wising up to this, however. People are realising that organic tomatoes grown in heated greenhouses and sold in plastic containers are not necessarily better than conventional ones trucked in from the Mediterranean to be sold loose. We are all gradually learning to make purchasing decisions on the basis of a more sophisticated understanding of what good, ethical food and farming requires.

The illusion that organic is always the moral, healthy choice is starting to crumble. It's time we grew up and accepted that good, sustainable, ethical food is not guaranteed just because it carries an organic label.


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Posted by: Boabby, Vancouver Island on 6:13am Tue 1 Apr 08
W ho's your paymaster Julian? I've seldom read such a collection of slanted crap. Your average supermarket tomato has much the same flavour as your average supermarket turnip.
Posted by: Alastair McIntosh, Govan (Centre for Human Ecology) on 7:35am Tue 1 Apr 08
As usual, some very sharp thinking from Julian and some uncomfortable but indisputable points. He's an important thinker who keeps us on our toes. I've had the pleasure, previously, in crossing swords with him face to face, and I think we both enjoyed the experience. But he misses the big point. The trouble with solutions like organics and alternative energy is that they were never meant to replace industrial living and to be served up on an industrial basis. Instead, they are aimed at living gently on the Earth in ways that seek sufficiency but not excess, and which flow with nature's rhythms in ways that are bioregionally appropriate. The most important thing about organics is that it conserves the integrity of soil structure and all that grows up from that. It is a whole way of life that you buy when you buy organic, a relatively dignified way of life for people and farm animals alike, and one that thinks about future generations. I never buy organic for the taste. In shops, it's usually been hanging around a bit too long and costs double the industrial stuff. But I still buy it because what I'm eating feels right - and wherever possible, I buy it from the farmers' market. This is about ethics, psychology and spirituality more than chemistry, and Julian misses the point when he expresses the argument in such a logical positivist manner. Food is about our entire web of relationships with the rest of life. That's the true meaning of kite marks like organic and Fair Trade. Buy it to support it if you can - it's even better than giving money to charity, because it's about tackling deep structures of justice.
Posted by: Morag, Peeblesshire on 9:51am Tue 1 Apr 08

Nice to see somenoe looking objectively at the organic con. About time too.

Even nicer if they examined the animal husbandry aspect. Are consumers really comfortable with the idea of denying medicines to animals just to hang on to the precious "organic" label?

Posted by: Vronsky, Scotland on 8:18pm Tue 1 Apr 08
And to think I looked forward to Baggini joining the Herald.

I have seldom seen a piece so poorly informed and misdirected. Organic farming is not about producing food that is more nutricious or safer to eat - it is about sustainability and efficiency. There is a wealth of disinformation in the single statement quoted by Baggini:

"The weight of scientific evidence does not support claims that organic food is more nutritious or safer than conventionally produced food."

What? But organic food is 'conventionally produced food' - that is the whole point of it. It does not use genetically modified materials. It does not use artificial fertilisers and pesticides, specifically those produced from petroleum, and since we're running out of petroleum, you're going to end up with organic anyway.

You might be interested in some background on Lord Krebs, and the Food Standards Agency itself. Dr Patrick Wall, the chief executive of the Irish counterpart agency, the Food Safety Authority of Ireland, dismissed Kreb's views as extreme and reminded people to buy organic food because it was more 'environmentally friendly, more wholesome, and better produced'.

Krebs has also been criticised for his uncritical endorsement of GM foods. From GMWatch:

In March 2002, Krebs was again criticized on the organic issue. This time by John Paterson, a biochemist at Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, for having attacked organic agriculture 'on the basis of very little information'. That autumn it was revealed that Krebs had been refusing to back the government's drive to promote organic food and farming, prompting the Environment Secretary to write to him to clarify his views. Sir John also admitted that comments he made that manure caused more air and water pollution than chemical fertilisers had been designed to undermine claims that organic farming is more environmentally friendly than conventional agriculture.
"Still, supporters of organics have something on their side more powerful than fact: the belief that "natural" is best." You patronising little **** - you're the one struggling along with delusions. Go get the facts, they're freely available, but not from the corporate PR machines you so uncritically regurgitate here.

Posted by: Dorothy, glasgow on 12:30pm Sat 5 Apr 08
The sad truth is most tomatoes are horrid, mass produced,thick skinned, tasteless parodies of the original fruit. Organically grown 'Moneymaker' is going to taste as bad as any other 'Moneymaker'.
What I' d like is a choice of varieties to be widely available,organic if possible.
Posted by: osbert, Edinburgh on 2:09pm Wed 9 Apr 08
A new report from the International Trade Centre concludes that organic agriculture has much to offer in both mitigation of climate change through its emphasis on closed nutrient cycles and is a particularly resilient and productive system for adaptation strategies.

You can read the report "Organic Farming and Climate Change" here: http://www.intracen.
org/Organics/publica
tions.htm .

The ITC is the joint technical cooperation agency of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and WTO for business aspects of trade development – see here for more:http://www.intr
acen.org/welcome.htm )

Posted by: Jennifer Batty, Edinburgh (Centre for Human Ecology) on 10:44am Thu 10 Apr 08
While Baggini's article is quite correct in pointing out some of the inconsistencies associated with organic food, he seems to be confusing the Soil Association with some kind of organisation that is a universal arbiter of what is - or isnt - organic food.

The Soil Association was founded by a group of farmers, scientists and nutritionists who observed a connection between "farming practice and plant, animal, human and environmental health". This goes far beyond simply defining food production in terms of whether or not synthetic agrochemicals are part of the process. It incorporates ethical trading and animal welfare as well as reducing our impact on the ecosystems that support our continued existence on the planet. That of course means taking into account food miles and GHG release.

On the specific point of the use of rotenone - the use of this chemical is already as a "last resort" - and the amount used in the UK is extremely low. The SA is already taking a precautionary approach to the use of this chemical - further details are on their website. www.soilassociation.
org
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