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   Web Issue 3245 September 6 2008   
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Blind to the fact that integration doesn’t always work
IAN HAMILTONJuly 04 2008

I suspect I'm out of line with other disabled people when I say that integrated education doesn't work well for the majority of blind children.

Personally, I believe that the drive to integrate blind children into mainstream schools has more to do with political dogma than providing visually impaired pupils with a rounded education.

I can speak with a little authority, as I've experienced three different flavours of our education system: mainstream primary education, a specialist secondary school for a range of children with various disabilities and, latterly, a college education aimed exclusively at visually impaired students. So I've been on the receiving end of the entire array of educational experiences.

Admittedly, it was some years ago. However, I'm in no doubt which one I preferred and, more crucially, the one I benefited most from both educationally and socially. The Royal National College for the Blind was the best for me. It is an institution aimed not only at academia but also towards developing a person who can function as independently as possible in their own local community setting. They do this by focusing on mobility, daily living skills, social skills and academic qualifications.

Crucially, it was the support of a peer group that I missed throughout my primary and secondary education. It wasn't until the age of 18 that I met other people who had a significant visual loss like my own. Until then, I felt like the only blind boy in the village.

Meeting and finding out about the world with other visually impaired people was vital for me to understand my own value. It helped me to learn about how blind people operate. For example, the first time I was able to play football with other blind people was an incredible experience. On that occasion, there was a bell in the ball to help us play the game. Now I felt part of the team rather than hanging about the edges hoping that the ball would just suddenly find me. As a blind person in a sighted school, I would never have got into the school football team.

I was also taught mobility skills in order to move around safely using a white stick. The college also started to teach me Braille. As an 18-year-old, it was far too late - I should have been taught how to use this from the age of five. I was also shown how to look after myself: how to cook, clean - and navigate home while under the influence of alcohol (a skill that wasn't on the college prospectus, but one that was passed on from one generation of blind student to the next).

There has been no evidence in recent years to change my opinion that a specialist education for blind children is not superior.

Blind children need to be taught that they have a rightful place in the visual world and also to have confidence that they are being taught the right range of skills from as young an age as possible. Being the only blind person in the classroom with the talking computer and the classroom assistant only highlights the fact that you are different from everyone else. Peer support is vital.

Now, I'm deliberately saying "blind", as opposed to those children who are "partially sighted" and have some useful vision. These children can gain a great deal from a mainstream education, but for those of us who have little or no vision, the experience can be frustrating and isolating.

The difficulty is that it all comes down to individual circumstances. For example, the involvement of parents by giving them proper information and choices; how confident the child feels about their blindness; does the school have the proper resources in place to support a blind child; and do they have a positive attitude to make integration within the classroom actually happen?

To underline my argument for specialist education, I like to compare state schools that specialise in subjects for high achievers in sport and music. These children have to travel many miles every day in order to get every opportunity to focus on their talents with the best coaches and teachers. Why can't we see blindness as a talent that has to be mastered and ensure that all resources are gathered together to hone that talent?

As a society, we must be cautious not to force children into their local school because of specific labels, such as disability, special needs and integration. Disabled children are not a homogenous group and have different specialist needs. Politicians tell us that mainstream education is what the disabled community wants. That's certainly the formal view of the disability movement.

However, I hear from more and more blind people that perhaps integration has not enhanced blind children's education; that the mainstream classroom is full of visual influences that exclude blind children. Glancing up and down from the blackboard to jotter is not equalised by using a talking computer: the learning experience is utterly different.


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Posted by: Silver Surfer, Hereford on 7:03pm Fri 4 Jul 08
I agree almost 100% with Ian's article. I have to admit I have worked for 13 years at the College Ian attended (RNC Hereford - which is nothing to do with the RNIB).

Are readers aware the RNIB has almost closed down all its own direct provision to the over 16s and children without major learning difficulties?

Putting an adult or child in a mainsteam classroom with a learning assistant is often not integrated education. The strong and articulate can prosper academically , but the weak and ordinary can really struggle academically and socially.
I am also concerned by the patchy provision of specialist services such as mobility training. One learner I teach had 5 mobility lessons a year in her local area while at College there, she has 2 per week at the RNC Hereford.
I believe Children and Adults with a visual impairment should have a choice that best suit their needs. Forcing them to attend local provision is not choice. They should have the option of a specialist provider as well as the option of local provision. I do feel specialist provision is been quietly put to sleep without 99% of the general population realising as Ian states in the name of political dogma.

I found is quite interesting that Ruth Kelly sent her own son to a specialist school from his local school when he was designated special needs, while closing many down speicalist schools and colleges down as Minister of Education. Actions speak greater than words Ruth!

Its time everyone stood up for quality and choice.
Posted by: Colin Cameron, Dunbar, East Lothian on 2:17pm Mon 7 Jul 08
The fact that many so-called 'special' ('segregated' is a word which more accurately fits the situation) schools are closing down should not be mistaken as indicating that more children with physical, sensory or intellectual impairments are being included within mainstream education. While many of these schools are being closed what is happening is that they are being amalgamated and that just as many disabled children are being placed in the new, larger, 21st century segregated schools (as, for example, in the case of the 'special' schools in Kingsinch & Pilrig in Edinburgh which have been merged). The number of UK children in the 'special' education system remains stubbornly at around 104,000.

The disabled stand-up comic Laurence Clark talks of how, if he amassed all the money he is ever likely to earn in his life, he would still not have enough to buy presents sufficient to use up all the gift tags he made during his years at 'special' school in North Tyneside.
An excellent place if learning to make gift tags is what parents want for their children, less successful perhaps if what they're looking for is a decent, rounded education that will prepare their children for the world that follows school.
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