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   Web Issue 3239 August 29 2008   
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Bite the bullet and give addicts what they need
IAN BELLJuly 25 2007

Now that all our heads are clear, having ingested the fact that the cabinet is, apparently, stuffed with penitent middle-class former dopeheads, we can proceed to a rational discussion of drugs, harm and society. Right? What do you mean, of course we can't? Is the moral haze so thick, the acrid aroma of glib sententiousness so strong? I'll take your word for it, if I can avoid inhaling. In fact, I'll have some of whatever it is the politicians are taking. Couldn't do any harm. Who wouldn't buy a drugs policy from people who might confuse methadone with a ghastly-green cough linctus?

This is serious, though. Of course it is. Jack McConnell instituted a review of narcotic harm-reduction procedures in Scotland for the overwhelming reason that little Derek Doran, merely two, died in 2005 because the child got too close to our universal panacea in a shambolic household. Currently, according to the Scottish Executive's best information, 21,000 souls are being treated with the medicine little Derek didn't need.

That's 10% up on the last best estimate. That's upwards of 10,000 near-adults on "daily supervision". That's perhaps 7000 people in charge of children under 16. That's a catastrophe.

Scotland's politicians take this seriously. My customary mockery will do for other times, I think. Even within her own party, Annabel Goldie's determination to hammer away at the methadone issue has raised some eyebrows, but I applaud her for it. An honest Tory pursuing an unglamorous issue is a sight to behold. It happens rarely.

Why so much methadone? The doctors, hedging every ethical bet, say that it works. Or, rather, they say that it works less badly than every other fudged distinction between treatment, control and punishment. Goldie believes that we are merely "parking" a problem - and 21,000 people involves a lot of parking - but that assertion asks, if it does not beg, another question. Or questions.

What do we do instead? To become "drug free" is an enormous thing, these days. Are you booze-free, fag-free, coffee-free? Are you off this pill, that potion, the other stuff? How's the burger habit going, the one that's about to cost the NHS enormous sums in cardiac care? Heroin might be the cheaper option.

We can't have that, though. It offends us in that deep, important, moral way. Junkies aren't just drunk, or fat. Junkies are out of control. Junkies disturb the smooth surface of the social fabric. They steal stuff. Then they invoke a universal horror and screw up their kids. Sometimes.

Upwards of 10,000 have to report daily - to people who could probably live without the business - to get their little plastic cups each day. As a matter of ignorant intuition, that doesn't seem right. So the state is paying to provide a controlled substance that the substance-abuser does not actually want? If you believe Professor Neil McKeganey of Glasgow University, and everyone does, only 4% of these losers is "drug-free" after three years.

Methadone doesn't work. The professor is on record, nevertheless, as preferring it to whatever else the policy-makers happen to be selling. Goldie, equally, has yet to dismiss the efficacy of this particular chemical "crutch". She would like to see smack- my terminology may be out of date - consigned to history. She would really like to see people desist from class-A narcotics. I'd like to see milk and honey flow. It won't happen.

The argument over methadone is, I think, an argument over addiction and the state sponsorship of very bad habits. A little history is therefore in order. When needle-related HIV began to seem like an epidemic in Edinburgh, a few brave, scattered practitioners decided to attempt to shut down the shooting galleries. In Glasgow, where jellies were the problem, methadone sounded like nothing more than another way to ramp up a nasty trade. That philosophical difference has yet to be resolved.

Doctors are entitled to accuse me of crude paraphrase, but the gist remains. Politicians should stop meeting reformed users, and meet a few of the live (near-live) ones. They hate methadone. It does everything less. It fails to answer real and pressing needs. Yet we give it to 21,000 Scots to prevent them from rob-bing, mugging, breaking into your house or distressing your children on the street. Or turning up at your dinner party.

This is the secondary charge, after all. Methadone is mere "social control". I'm none too fussed about the control of junkies, actually. Keep them from the aisles of my Co-Op and I'm content. But they did not cease to have rights because they failed to prefer gin or aerobics. They did not ask for help with a life-threatening problem just so the state could dose them daily with a nice, wee, legal narcotic. That's 21,000, if you forgot, with partners, usually, and children, normally.

Annabel Goldie is right, to that extent: this is an obscenity. What is it that we do to our people, daily, in this, our country? Tiny seaside towns - I'm living in one - in which the guy who sells your paper won't let the smackheads into his shop? Boys off the boats whose only first thought is to find the dealer? After you begin the argument over methadone, appropriate or otherwise, you need to stop and remember what 21,000, a nice round number, represents.

These are, after all, only an approximation of the total of those being "treated". Guess the rest. Not guessing, I suspect that some among you need not speculate. If you are taking time to read this, before the nurse calls or the phone goes, speculation will feel like a lousy crossword, or another excuse to sweat for a while. I feel your nausea. What do you - I'll take it from here - really think about drugs policy?

Do no harm. The doctors can't get over that one: it's in their unwritten contract. So does methadone do more harm than good? It keeps you junkies in check, and the public appeased. As I may have mentioned before, junkies have rights, too. They have a right, apparently, to be managed by the state as an alternative to imprisonment. We treat most other disabled people with more care.

When governments in London and Edinburgh can lay down their joints, they might apply minds to the idea of harm reduction. Prescribe heroin. Just do it. Get on with it, and get over prissy ideas that we might be indulging the drug-inclined. They are liable to be with us, always. The faster you ban stuff, the faster it will become a vogue. If your policy is to manage harm, actual harm, answer the addict's need.

Yes, I know. Got it first time I went around Westminster, and Holyrood. Mustn't "indulge". So what else is proposed for 21,000 Scots in deep pain? A less-good, minor opiate from a nurse with better, serious work waiting to be done? Dying in the hope of rational legalisation? Striving to raise a child while your world crumbles? Losing benefit if you forget the appointment for your state-sponsored addiction?

Just say no. Who wouldn't? What strikes me, as a historical footnote, is that a mere trifling 21,000 of our junkies have turned themselves in. Robbing a shop is preferable to methadone, in the scheme of things, as policy-makers may yet discover.


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Posted by: Andy, Scotland on 11:56pm Tue 24 Jul 07
The approach to drugs in this country over the past 20 years or so has been a disaster. Let nobody be in doubt that politicians, civil servants, quango officials just in place for the money (how I would like to point the finger at one or two of them) ill-informed police officers, both senior and junior, so called drug action teams and others have been wrong. They have been treating this issue as a 'war' and not what it actually is, an illness among many members of our community. Addiction, whether it be to tobacco, alcohol, gambling, chocolate, heroin, et al, is an illness and should be treated as such. Grahem Pearson appears to be seeing the light and it is not before time.
Posted by: donald, glasgow on 7:17am Wed 25 Jul 07
"An honest Tory pursuing an unglamorous issue is a sight to behold. It happens rarely."


All dishonest Tories are the Royal Labour Party.
Posted by: monica jones, Italy on 8:30am Wed 25 Jul 07
I was a drug addict for ten years and now, thanks to someone who had the courage to put my back against the wall and tell me to stop, I have been clean for seven years. I am happy and have a successful career - something noone thought was possible seven years ago - even the psychologist who told my father that he should put his heart at peace because I disn't have a chance. If I had had access to free and legitamatized drugs, I don't know if I would've ever been motivated to stop. Take it from someone who knows- give these addicts more credit! They can stop doing drugs if given the chance, and lead productive lives. Don't sell them sort and settle for letting them "survive" on substitutive therapy for years...
Posted by: Bill, Glasgow on 9:11am Wed 25 Jul 07
donald wrote:
"An honest Tory pursuing an unglamorous issue is a sight to behold. It happens rarely."


All dishonest Tories are the Royal Labour Party.
Drug and alcohol abuse are two of the biggest social problems we face. Current and past policies have failed to make any significant impact on this and addiction continues to cause so much pain and suffering to the addicted, their families and the victims of the crimes the addicted commit to support their habits.

AND THIS TRUMPET THINKS THIS IS A GOOD OPPORTUNITY TO PLAY PARTY POLITICS. SHAME ON YOU!

Posted by: Euan, Qatar on 10:30am Wed 25 Jul 07
It has been said before and should be said again: before it was made illegal there was little or no criminality associated with any of the classes of drugs. I am old enough to remember it. however to change back we have to change more than ourselves or rather change those who desire it to be illegal.
Do any of you out there remember prohibition? My father did and Mum. The distilleries were working overtime to meet the demand.
But it seems that some folk have awfully short memories. Banning something makes it attractive. I feel for those who have become addicted but I am pretty certain if it was made legal very few would promote the use of drugs. So all this drivel of mine aims at one end. Make it legal and then proper control would fall away from criminals and to the those who needed the drugs.
And please do not chide me with how bad the drugs are and how they rot the brain and shorten life, I do know this but far fewer folk would need the drugs if we had never followed the yanks into making them illegal.
I feel sorrow for them and their families, the addicted, but remember a family where both parents were on the hard stuff and were productive, but the weans were not addicted and became well educated and proper members of society.
Euan
Posted by: Carel, Isle of Skye on 12:11pm Wed 25 Jul 07
You're right Euan.

I would say this though - to work legalisation doesn't have to mean that it's on sale without a prescription. The system that worked so well in Britain till '71 was medicalisation rather than full legalisation. In practise what it meant was that anyone who in whatever way became addicted to heroin got prescribed enough that they felt no need to go looking for any more on the black market.

That policy kept the opiate problem to the lowest it had been since at least the early 19th Century; it kept levels of heroin addiction down to circa 1% of what they have become since we listened to the Daily Express, and followed the US into out and out heroin prohibition (in '71). The "war on drugs" is the most unsuccessful social policy of the 20th Century - it shouldn't be allowed to keep destroying life for huge parts of Scotland any further into this century.
Posted by: van, leeds on 1:12pm Wed 25 Jul 07
drugs policy in the uk is a total faliure. I know I work in it. The statistics are fixed and don't reflect the reality.
Civil servants who run it don't have any experience of what they are doing and the comissioning of services is based on kickbacks, or it is round here, there's big money to be made by some organisations and it stinks like a rotten corpse,
Quite how the policy makers can live with themselves, in creating so much human misery is beyond me.
Its time to tackle the real issues like; jobs, training, housing and giving kids a good education with some real aspirations.
Posted by: andrew mackay on 1:41pm Wed 25 Jul 07
I think that pharmaceutical companies should be able to buy herion directly form the farmers in Afghanistan, purify it, and sell it in clearly labelled sachets indicating the various strengths for, say, an affordable £5 per fix.

That way our kids will life long enough to wise up and come off this addictive drug with help.

At the moment it is the impurities, including talcum powder and rat poison that is killing our children - not the herion content.

This will cut crime at a stroke - and it would no longer be 'cool' to dabble in Class A drugs if you could buy Herion BP down at Boots for a few quid a fix.

Posted by: maxbis, 13 iona ridge hamilton ml3 8pz on 3:22pm Wed 25 Jul 07
Ian bell it is a delight to see a journalist who is at last starting to see the reality that is the scale of the drugs problem in Scotland and is open minded enough to accept that all the old Just Say No - hang the dealers rethoric is just a complete waste of time.

I have worked fo wel over 40 years as a youth workere with a special interest in youth health issues, especially drugs. by drug I meean th lot, fags, booze and the ilegal substances. I have been tryin to open up the public dabate on drugs for years and although I have a few articles, spoken at a few conferences and contributed ot radio and television programmes I have found that the press in the past have been ver reluctant to accept anyting other than the most conservative of views from learned professors and the likes. So Here I go.

When I workd in new york in 1965 with heroin addicts the workers there were desperate to see the back of methadone after only about 3-4 years of it being introduced. They found that for most people it only got them stabalised or reduced their habit to a level of daily costs that was better than the 100$ habits they had back then. So waht do we do, import the same failed approach. In fact we have continued to import failed American solutions to drugs and crim for decades, and not one of them have worked. So when are we going to learn that lesson. Tomorrow I have a column i your paper to follow up the one I did last week on kids and fags. Tomorrow I am addressing my concen that the police have far too much influence on the polcy makers decisions on drugs policey. I am also highlighting the serious problem there is with accepting that the polcie are the right people to be doing drugs education in our school. Especially when they think that part of that answer is to involve ex users to scare the pants of hte kids with their horror stories or how they got hooked on drugs and now they are squeeky clea. In my view as a drugs education worker it is both niave and dangerous to allow the police into our classroom. The police should be concentrating on what they are exper at preventing crim, catching the Mr Big's who perpetuate so much of our serious crime and make sure that for once thy get all the facts together to get those criminals off the streets and into our jails. That way we could let some of the low level dealers and addicts out into properly financed rehabilitationprogra
mmes which would be mor appropriate than time in jail.
Posted by: iang on 4:53pm Wed 25 Jul 07
They could always put contraceptives in with the methodone. That way there would hopefully be a reduction in the number of kids being brought in to junkie families.
Posted by: AliG, Glasgow on 12:45am Thu 26 Jul 07
I really welcome the contribution from Monica Jones (3rd comment from the top). We should be speaking to former drug addicts and listening to them. I am not convinced that prescribing heroin is the answer.
Posted by: Ira, New York on 4:59pm Thu 26 Jul 07
Methadone works, for those who are able to utilise it to put their lives in order and get on with goals such a productive activities and social interaction.


People should be open to chronic opioid addiction as a disease of the brain, that may require treatment with opioids for life, or, as in many cases, may allow people to live drug free lives. It is an individual issue. Society should do its best to allow as many options as possible for people who are addicted. This will minimise harm and will increase social productivity when possible. We should stop legislating morality.
Posted by: Peter O'Loughlin, Beckenham Kent. on 8:02pm Thu 26 Jul 07
If we agree to prescribe heroin for heroin addicts, most of whom also use other drugs, such as cocaine and alcohol, and in doing so keep them locked into a state of active addiction, is it alright to prescribe cigarettes for those with emphysema, or allcohol for alcoholics?

Its time to get real, prescribing drugs for addicts is a cop out. Having been in the addictions counselling busines for over 25 years, and having walked the walk of addiction, I have yet to meet an hopelss addict, or alcoholic, but I've encountered more than my share of incomptent counsellors, psychiatrists, etc, who are all too ready to attach a lable of non compliant, or not ready, simply because the addict did no conform to the particular intervention, they chose to offer. it seems that these people have never heard of or fail to understand the 'cycle of change'.

The only people who want heroin on prescription are certain police officers, in order that they can get them out of their crime figures, they don't seem to realise that the heroin addict will till need tio fund other drugs, and wll continue to do what is necessary to get the funds.

Social learning theorists, who seem to think that addiction is a 'learned behaviour and in the fullness of time can be unlearnt.'. Dream on!

Addicts who are too terrified to contemplate quitting, or may have come to believe they are unable to do so, because of the negative and incompetent interventions they have been subjected to.

Pharmaceutical companies and those with vested interests in them, some of whom regrettably masquerade as harm reduction specialists, and/or 'drug advisory agencies'[
Posted by: Melissa, USA on 6:21pm Fri 24 Aug 07
Please see these videos and what actually goes on at clinics http://www.nbc10.com
/news/13843471/detai
l.html and http://video.nbc10.c
om/player/?id=142152


Methadone is now the #2 Killer Drug in the U.S. This is a legal drug that has been thought to be safe for the past 40 years. Only recently when its use became approved for pain management patients has the cardio toxic risks emerged. Previously methadone has been used exclusively for replacement therapy for heroin patients and death was thought to be an effect of the accumulation of many years of drug abuse. With the surge in pain medication misuse and abuse more patients are being referred to methadone clinics and physicians treating pain who believe the myth that methadone is safer or non addictive because of it’s use with weaning addicts from heroin. Methadone is more addictive then any other pain medication including heroin and because of it’s extremely long half life, cardio toxic risks, numerous fatal drug interactions, dosages based on tolerance, and small margin of error. Up until Nov 2006 the government and pharmaceutical companies have been suppressing the numerous health and fatality risks related to methadone.

there are between 800,000 & 900,000 (some stats give diff numbers) heroin addicts in the U.S and 1,881 people died from heroin in the U.S. in 2004.

there are 200,000 people on methadone for drug treatment and I don't have the number of people on it for pain but even if we double the 200,000 and assume it's 400,000 total people on methadone there were 3,849 deaths in 2004

It looks like the "gold standard" is killing more then the drug its supposed to save people from!!!!

Every day 10.9 people die from Methadone (according to 2004 stats, not
including car accident deaths caused by drivers under the influence of Methadone)


We (the families of methadone victims) are requesting new laws surrounding who can prescribe Methadone, clinic rules and regulations as well as stiffer penalties for those caught selling their take home doses. The whole methadone maintenance system needs an overhauling. We cannot continue to allow a legal medication to be killing more people then the illegal drugs. Our government cannot be allowed to use tax dollars to fund their legal drug dealing operations.

We are asking government agencies to enact stricter guidelines in prescribing methadone for any reason. It must be mandatory that all doctors be certified and trained in the pharmacology of methadone; inpatient stays must be required during induction to methadone; all staff be extensively trained in monitoring methadone patients for symptoms of toxicity. Clinic patients should be tested weekly for legal and illegal drugs that are taken with methadone to get “ hi gh” or experience “euphoria” such as benzodiazepines, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, marijuana etc… and face severe consequences or mandatory detoxification from the methadone program after 3 dirty urines. Selling of take home doses must result in termination from methadone program permanently throughout the U.S. When presenting inebriated at clinic, clinic should also document such activity as well as prevent client from driving. Take home doses for all patients receiving methadone should be eliminated thus preventing the risk of diversion or precautions such as pill safe should be implemented. http://www.thepillsa
fe.com/

Current statistics show that nearly 4000 people a year die from methadone. These deaths are mostly happening to pain management and detoxification patients’ wit hi n the first 10 days of taking initial dose. Most of these deaths are related to methadone prescribed with other medications that react as additives with the methadone. Diversion of methadone is a serious problem because it lands t hi s most deadly drug on streets. Statistics also state that methadone is contributing to more deaths nationwide then heroin and only second to cocaine deaths.

The potential of abuse, diversion, and overdose to new patients being prescribed methadone is overwhelming. The unique properties of methadone, it's long half life, and it's negative interaction with numerous drugs make it an optimal choice as a last result treatment for chronic pain and addiction.

Thank you for taking the time to read this letter.

Sincerely

Melissa Zuppardi
www.HARMD.org
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